Gleasman G©#, Mo X©#, Atkins JW, Hagan D, Campbell BJ, Patabandige DLJ&, Bourbonnais A, Baalousha M, Brooks SC, Ku PJ, Santos F, Richardson SD, Du P©*, and Chow, AT*. (2025). Postfire biogeochemical processes: Implications to source water quality in fire-Influenced watersheds. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11860

Du P©, Chow AT, and Chen C. DBP Precursors. (2024) In: Chen C, Andrews S, Xie Y, editors. Disinfection By-Products in Water. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2024 p. 59–88. (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; vol. 135).

Emelko MB, Chow AT, Amiri F, Chen H, and Stone M. Climate Change Implications for DBP Occurrence in Municipal Drinking Water. (2024) In: Chen C, Andrews S, Xie Y, editors. Disinfection By-Products in Water. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland p. 357–376. (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; vol. 135).

Mo X©, Du P©, Chan DTW, Shaw PC, and Chow AT* (2024). Fostering adequate data reporting of FT-ICR-MS based environmental studies.  ACS ES&T Water. 4: 2779-2781

Magliozzi LJ, Matiasek SJ, Alpers CN, Korak JA, McKnight D, Foster AL, Ryan JN, Roth DA, Ku P, Tsui MTK, Chow AT, and Webster JP (2024). Wildland-urban interface wildfire increases metal contributions to stormwater runoff in Paradise, California. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 26: 667-685.

Chen H, Uzun H, Tolić N, Chu R, Karanfil T, Chow AT* (2023) Molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter during the processes of wildfire, alum coagulation, and disinfection Using ESI (−) and ESI (+) FT-ICR MS. ACS ES&T Water 3(8): 2571-2580.

Bruce TJ, Trettin CC, Noel ZA, Chow AT, Warden K, Roghair C, and Farmer TM (2023) A case study of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) caused by Aphanomyces invadans in eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from the headwaters of Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Journal of Fish Diseases. 47: e13895.

Chen H, Ersan MS, Tolic N, Chu RK, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2022) Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter as disinfection byproduct precursors by UV/fluorescence and ESI FT-ICR MS after smoldering-combustion of leaf needles and woody trunks of pine (Pinus jeffreyi) Water Research 209: 117962.

Olivares C, Uzun H, Cagri E, Zhang WB, Trettin C, Liu Y, Burton S, Robinson E, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2021) Increased organohalogen diversity after disinfection of water from a prescribed burn watershed. ACS ES&T Water 1(5): 1274-1282.

Chen H©, Tsai KP©, Liu Y, Tolic N, Chu RK, Burton S, Karanfil K, and Chow AT* (2021) Characterization of dissolved organic matter from wildfire-induced Microcystis aeruginosa blooms controlled by copper sulfate as disinfection byproduct precursors using APPI(-) and ESI(-) FT-ICR MS.  Water Research 189, 116640.

Chow AT, Karanfil T, and Dahlgren RA (2021) Wildfires are threatening municipal water supplies. Eos 102, Science Update, http://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO161894. Published on 12, August 2021.

Chen H©, Uzun H©, Chow AT, and Karanfil T (2020) Low water treatability efficiency of wildfire-induced dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product precursors. Water Research 184: 116111.

Chen H©, Rücker AM©, Su Q, Blosser GD, Liu X©, Conner WH, and Chow AT (2020) Dynamics of dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors along a low elevation gradient in woody wetlands – an implication of hydrologic impacts of climate change on source water quality. Water Research 181: 115908.

Uzun H©, Dahlgren RA, Olivares CI©, Erdem CU©, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2020) Two-years of post-wildfire impacts on dissolved organic matter, nitrogen, and precursors of disinfection by-products in California stream waters.  Water Research 181: 115891.

Tsui M, Uzun H©, Majidzadeh H©, Ulus Y, Zhang HY, Bao S, Blum J, Karanfil T, and Chow AT (2020) Concentration and isotopic composition of mercury in a blackwater river affected by extreme flooding events. Limnology and Oceanography 65: 2158-2169.

Majidzadeh H©, Chen H©, Uzun H©, Tsui M, Bao S, Karanfil T, and Chow AT (2020) Hurricane resulted in releasing more nitrogenous than carbonaceous disinfection byproduct precursors in coastal watersheds.  Science of the Total Environment 705: 135785.

Huang G, Ng TW, Chen H©, Chow AT, Liu S, and Wong PK (2020) Formation of assimilable organic carbon during drinking water disinfection: A microbiological prospect of disinfection byproducts.  Environmental International 135: 105389.

Uzun H©, Zheng WB©, Olivares CI©, Erdem CU©, Coates A©, and Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2020) Effect of prescribed fires on the export of dissolved organic matter, precursors of disinfection by-products, and water treatability. Water Research 187: 116385.

Chow AT*, Tsai KP, Fegel TS, Pierson DN, and Rhoades CC (2019) Lasting effects of wildfire on disinfection byproduct formation in forest catchments.  Journal of Environmental Quality 48: 1826-1834.

Tsai KP©, Uzun H©, Chen H©, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2019) Control wildfire-induced Microcystis aeruginosa blooms by copper sulfate: Tradeoffs between reducing algal organic matter and promoting disinfection byproduct formation.  Water Research 158: 227-236.

Olivares C©, Zhang WB©, Uzun H©, Cargi E&, Majidzadeh H©, Trettin C, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2019) High temporal resolution optical in-situ sensors capture dissolved organic carbon dynamics after wildland fire in blackwater forest ecosystems.  International Journal of Wildland Fire 28: 761-768 (Special Issue – Forests, Flames and Faucets: Influence of Wildfire on Water Quality and Watershed Processes).

Majidzadeh H©, Chen H©, Coates TA©, Tsai KP©, Olivares C©, Trettin C, Uzun H©, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2019) Periodic prescribed fire is an effective watershed management strategy to reduce organic matter export and disinfection byproduct precursors in source water.  International Journal of Wildland Fire 28: 804-813 & 822 (Special Issue – Forests, Flames and Faucets: Influence of Wildfire on Water Quality and Watershed Processes).

Chen H©, Tsai KP©, Su Q, Chow AT, and Wang JJ (2019) Throughfall dissolved organic matter as a terrestrial disinfection byproduct precursor.  ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 3(8): 1603-1613, [Cover story of the issue].

Yang XL, Yu XB, Cheng JR, Zheng, RY, Wang K, Dai YX, Tong NJ, and Chow AT (2018) Impacts of land-use on surface waters at the watershed scale in southeastern China: Insight from fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC.  Science of the Total Environment 627: 647-657.

Rhoades C, Chow AT, Covino T, Fegel T, Pierson T, and Rhea A (2018) The legacy of a severe wildfire on stream nitrogen and carbon in headwater catchments Ecosystems 21: 1-15.

Ruecker A©, Uzun H©, Karanfil T, Tsui MTK, and Chow AT* (2017) Disinfection byproduct precursor dynamics and water treatability during an extreme flooding event in a coastal blackwater river in southeastern United States. Chemosphere 188: 90-98.

Tsai KP©, Uzun H©, Karanfil T, and Chow AT* (2017) Dynamic changes of disinfection byproduct precursors following exposures of Microcystis aeruginosa to wildfire ash solutions.  Environmental Science & Technology51(15): 8272-8282.

Rhoades C, Miller S, Covino Tm and Chow AT (2017) Stream water quality concerns linger long after the smoke clears - Learning from front range wildfire. Colorado Water, March / April, pp. 22 - 26.

Ng TW&, Li BB©, Chow AT*, and Wong PK (2016) Effects of bromide on inactivation efficacy and disinfection byproduct formation in photocatalytic inactivation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry324: 145-151.

Tsai KP© and Chow AT. (2016) Growing algae alter spectroscopic characteristics and chlorine reactivity of dissolved organic matter from thermally-altered forest litters. Environmental Science & Technology 50(15): 7991-8000.

Wang JJ©, Dahlgren RA, Ersan M&, Karanfil T, Chow AT* (2016) Temporal variations of disinfection byproduct precursors in wildfire detritus.  Water Research 99: 66-73.

Chow AT*, Pitt AL, Baldwin RF, Suhre D©, Wang JJ© (2016) Water quality dynamics of ephemeral wetlands in the Piedmont Ecoregion, South Carolina, USA. Ecological Engineering 94: 555-563.

Majidzadeh H&, Wang JJ©, and Chow AT* (2015) Forest fire alters dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors exports from forested watersheds - Part I: A controlled laboratory study. In, Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water - Occurrence, Formation, Health Effects, and Control. Karanfil et al. Eds., American Chemical Society Symposium Book, Chapter 15, pp. 271-292, Washington DC, USA.

Wang JJ©, Dahlgren RA, Ersan M&, Karanfil T, Chow AT* (2015) Wildfire altering terrestrial precursors of disinfection byproducts in forest detritus.  Environmental Science & Technology 49: 5921-5929.

Wang JJ©, Dahlgren RA, and Chow AT* (2015) Controlled burning of forest detritus altering spectroscopic characteristics and chlorine reactivity of dissolved organic matter: Effects of temperature and oxygen availability.  Environmental Science & Technology 49: 14019-14027.

Ng TW&, Li BB©, Chow AT, and Wong PK (2015) Formation of disinfection byproducts from bacterial disinfection. In, Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water - Occurrence, Formation, Health Effects, and Control. Karanfil et al. Eds., American Chemical Society Symposium Book, Chapter 13, pp. 235 - 250, Washington DC, USA.

Tsai KP©, Rogers MF©, Chow AT*, and Diaz F (2015) Forest fire alters dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors exports from forested watersheds - Part II: A controlled field study. In,Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water - Occurrence, Formation, Health Effects, and Control. Karanfil et al. Eds., American Chemical Society Symposium Book, Chapter 16, pp. 293-306, Washington DC, USA.

Yu XB©, Hawley-Howard J&, Wang JJ©, Pitt AL, Baldwin R, Chow AT* (2015) Water quality of small seasonal wetland in the Piedmont ecoregion, South Carolina, USA: Effects of land-use and hydrology. Water Research 73: 98-108.

Wang JJ©, Chow AT*, Sweeney JM, and Mazet JAK (2014) Trihalomethanes in marine mammal aquaria: Occurrences, sources, and health risks.  Water Research 59: 219-228.

Chow AT, Diaz FJ, Wong KH, O’Geen AT, Dahlgren RA, Wong PK (2013) Photochemical and bacterial transformations of disinfection byproduct precursors in waters. Journal of Environmental Quality 42: 1589-1595.

Wang JJ©, Liu X©, Ng TW&, Xiao J©, Chow AT*, and Wong PK (2013) Disinfection byproduct formation from disinfecting pure bacterial cells and pipeline biofilms. Water Research 43: 2701-2709.

Chow AT, O’Geen AT, Dahlgren RA, Diaz F, Wong KH, and Wong PK (2011) Reactivity of foliar litter leachates from California Oak woodlands in the formation of disinfection Byproducts. Journal Environmental Quality 40: 1607-1616. 

Zhang Q©, Kuang WF©, Liu LY©, Li K©, Wong KH, Chow AT, and Wong PK (2009) Trihalomethane, haloacetonitrile, and chloral hydrate formation potentials of organic carbon fractions from sub-tropical forest soils.  Journal of Hazardous Materials 172(2-3): 880-887. 

Diaz FJ, Chow AT, O’Geen AT, Dahlgren RA, and Wong PK (2009) Effect of constructed wetlands receiving agricultural return flows on disinfection byproduct precursors.  Water Research 43(10): 2750-2760. 

Chow AT*, Lee ST, O’Geen AT, Orozco T, Beaudette D, Wong PK, Hernes PJ, Tate KW, and Dahlgren RA (2009) Litter contributions to dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors in California oak woodland watersheds.  Journal of Environmental Quality 38(6): 2334-2343. 

Chow AT*, Dahlgren RA, Zhang Q©, and Wong PK (2008) Relationships between specific ultraviolet absorbance and trihalomethane precursors of different carbon sources.  Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology - AQUA 57(7): 471-480. 

Diaz F, Chow AT, O’Geen AT, Dahlgren RA, and Wong PK (2008) Restored wetlands as a source of disinfection byproduct precursors.  Environmental Science & Technology 42(16): 5992-5997. 

Chow AT, Leech D, Boyer T, and Singer P (2008) Impact of simulated natural solar irradiation on disinfection byproduct precursors.  Environmental Science & Technology 42(15): 5586-5593. 

Chow AT*, Dahlgren RA, and Harrison JH (2007) Watershed sources of disinfection byproduct precursors in the Sacrament and San Joaquin rivers, California. Environmental Science & Technology 41(22): 7645-7652. 

Chow AT* (2006) Comparison of XAD-8 and DAX-8 resins for isolating disinfection byproduct precursors.  Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA 55(1): 45-56. \

Chow AT* (2006) Disinfection by-product reactivity of aquatic humic substances derived from soils. Water Research 40(7): 1426-1430. 

Chow AT*, Guo F, Gao S, and Breuer R (2006) Size and XAD fractionation of trihalomethane precursors from soils. Chemosphere 62(10): 1636-1646. 

Chow AT, Guo F, Gao S, and Breuer R (2006) Trihalomethane reactivity of water and sodium hydroxide extractable organic carbon fractions from peat soils.  Journal of Environmental Quality 35: 114-121. 

Chow AT*, Gao S, and Dahlgren RA (2005) Physical and chemical fractionations of natural organic matter and trihalomethane precursors: A review.  Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA 54(8): 475-508. 

Chow AT, Guo F, Gao S, and Breuer R (2005) Trihalomethane formation potential of filter isolates of electrolyte-extractable soil organic carbon. Journal of Environmental Quality 34(6): 1992-1997. 

Chow AT*, Guo, F, Gao S, Breuer R, and Dahlgren RA (2005) Pore size filter selection for characterizing dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane precursors from soils.  Water Research 39(7): 1255-1264. 

Chow AT*, Tanji KK, and Gao, S (2003) Productions of dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane precursor from cultivated peat soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California.  Water Research 37(18): 4475-4485.

Du P, Yang B, Chow AT, Shi D, Wong KMC, and Wang J. (2025) From quencher to promoter: Revisiting the role of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) in triplet-state photochemistry of dissolved organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology 59(9): 4444–4454.

Yang B, Ren D, Zhang P, Guo Y, Zhang G, Chow AT, Cai ZW, Du P, Wang J (2025) Heating temperature and oxygen availability alter the role of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter in sulfamethoxazole photodegradation. ACS ES&T Water 5(3):1125–36.

Zheng Y, Carter E, Zou S, Williams CF, Chow AT, and Chen H. (2025) Using syringe filtration after lab‐scale adsorption processes potentially overestimates PFAS adsorption removal efficiency from non‐conventional irrigation water. Journal of Environmental Quality 54(1): 20–30.

Chen H, Chow AT, Williams CF, Wang J, and Sun W. (2025) Emerging Contaminants in Agroecosystems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 73(19): 11556–11558.

Ullah R, Farias J, Feyissa BA, Tsui MTK, Chow AT, Williams C, Karanfil T, and Ligaba-Osena A. (2024) Combined effects of polyamide microplastic and sulfamethoxazole in modulating the growth and transcriptome profile of hydroponically grown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Science of The Total Environment 952: 175909.

Liu C, Liu H, Hu C, Chow AT, and Karanfil T. (2024) Molecular Alterations of Algal Organic Matter in Oxidation Processes: Implications to the Formation of Disinfection Products. ACS ES&T Water 4(12): 5890–5901.

Zhao T, Huang SB, Zhang YQ, Chow AT, Chen PF, Wang YL, Lu Y, and Xiong JH (2024) Removal of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in sediment microbial fuel cell coupled with Vallisneria natans: Efficiency, microbial community structure, and functional genes. Chemosphere 354: 141667.

Zhao T, Hu H, Chow AT, Chen P, Wang Y, Xu X, Gong Z, and Huang S (2023) Evaluation of organic matter and nitrogen removals, electricity generation and bacterial community responses in sediment microbial fuel cell coupled with Vallisneria natans. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 111 110058.

Huang G, Zhao J, Zhang J, Hao T, Bi J, Pan M, Wong PK, and Chow AT* (2023) Boosting photocatalutic CO2reduction over S-scheme CTF-Bi-BiOBr using pre-oxidized dissolved effluent organic matter as electron donors.  Environmental Science: Nano 10: 3486-3499.

Ullah R, Tsui MTS, Chow AT, Chen H, Clinton W, Ligaba-Osena A (2023) Micro(nano)plastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystem: emphasis on impacts of polystyrene on soil biota, plants, animals, and humans. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 195: 252.

Chen H, Wang JJ, Ku PJ, Tsui MT, Abney R, Berhe AA, Zhang Q, Burton SD, Dahlgren RA, Chow AT* (2022) Burn intensity drives the alteration of phenolic lignin to (poly) aromatic hydrocarbons as revealed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Environmental Science & Technology 56(17): 12678-12687.

Chow AT*, Ulus Y©, Huang GC, Kline MA, Cheah WY (2022) Challenges in quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon – Sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis.  Journal of Environmental Quality 51(5): 837-871 [Invited Review Paper]

Lu Y, Chow AT, Liu LJ, Wang YL, Zhang XQ, Huang SB, Zhang YQ (2022) Effects of Vallisneria natans on H2S and S2- releases in black-odorous waterbody under additional nitrate: Comprehensive performance and microbial community structure. Journal of Environmental Management 316: 115226. 

Ulus Y©, Tsui MTK, Sakar A, Nyarko P, Aitmbarek NB, Ardon M, and Chow AT (2022) Declines of methylmercury along a salinity gradient in a low-lying coastal wetland ecosystem at South Carolina, USA.  Chemosphere 308(2): 136310

Li, HH, Tsui MT, Ku PJ, Chen H, Yin Z, Dahlgren RA, Parikh SJ, Wei JJ, Hoang TC, Chow AT, Cheng Z, Zhu XM (2022) Impacts of forest fire ash on aquatic mercury cycling.  Environmental Science & Technology 56: 11835-11844

Ullah R&, Tsui M, Chen H, Chow AT, Williams C, and Osena AL (2021) Microplastic interaction with terrestrial plants and its impacts on agriculture.  Journal of Environmental Quality 50: 1024-1041.

Chow AT, and Rhoades CC (2020) An eLetter response to “Disinfection threatens aquatic ecosystems” by Zhang et al. Science 368(6487): 146-147. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6487/146/tab-e-letters

Beutel M, Fuhrmann B, Herbon G, Chow AT, Brower S, and Pasek J (2020) Cycling of methylmercury and other redox-sensitive compounds in the profundal zone of a hypereutrophic water supply reservoir.  Hydrobiologia 847, 4425-4446.

Yang YL©, Lin ES, Sun SQ, Chen H©, and Chow AT (2019) Direct electricity production from subaqueous wetland sediments and banana peels using membrane-less microbial fuel cells.  Industrial Crops & Products 128: 70-79.

Chen H©, Blosser GD, Majidzadeh H©, Liu XJ©, Conner WH, and Chow AT (2018) Integration of an automated identification-quantification pipeline and statistical techniques for pyrolysis GC/MS tracking of the molecular fingerprints of natural organic matter.  Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 134: 371-380.

Chen H©, Chow AT, Li XW, Ni HG, Dahlgren RA, Zeng H, and Wang JJ (2018) Wildfire burn intensity affects the quantity and speciation of PAH in soils. ACS Space and Earth Chemistry 2: 1262-1270, [Cover story of the issue].

Ku P, Tsui MTK, Nie XP, Chen H©, Hoang TC, Blum JD, Dahlgren RA, and Chow AT (2018) Origin, reactivity, and bioavailability of mercury in wildfire ash.  Environmental Science & Technology 52: 14149-14157.

Yu XB©, Ladewig S&, Bao S, Toline CA, Whitmire S, and Chow AT (2018) Occurrence and distribution of microplastics at selected coastal sites along the southeastern US.  Science of the Total Environment 612-613: 298-305.

Coates T©, Chow AT*, Hagan DL, Waldrop TA, Wang GG, Bridges Jr. WC, Rogers MR©, and Dozier JH (2018) Thermocouple probe orientation affects prescribed fire behavior estimation.  Journal of Environmental Quality47(1): 170-176.

Yang YL©, Chen H©, Majidzadeh H©, and Chow AT (2018) Electricity generation from different wetlands: Mechanisms based on dissolved organic matters in membrane-less microbial fuel cells.  Chemical Engineering Journal 351: 1006-1012.

Dai J©, Wang JJ©, Chow AT, and Conner WH (2015) Electrical energy production from forest detritus in a forested wetland using microbial fuel cells. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 7: 244-252.

Ladwig S&, Bao S, and Chow AT* (2015) Natural fibers: A missing link to chemical pollution dispersion in aquatic environments.  Environmental Science & Technology 49(21): 12609-12610.

Zhou J, Wang JJ©, Baudon A, and Chow AT* (2013) Improved fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for fluorescence dissolved organic matter. Journal of Environmental Quality42:925-930.

Williams T, Chow AT*, and Song B (2012) Historical visualization evidence on forest-salt marsh transition in Winyah Bay, South Carolina: A retrospective study in sea level rise. Wetland Science and Practice 29(4): 5-17.

Ng TW&, Cai QH, Wong CK, Chow AT, and Wong PK (2010) Simultaneous chromate reduction and azo dye decolourization by Brevibacterium casei: Azo dye as electron donor for chromate reduction.  Journal of Hazardous Materials 32(1-3): 792-800.

Woo OT, Chung WK, Wong KH, Chow AT, and Wong PK (2009) Photocatalytic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Intermediates identification and toxicity testing.  Journal of Hazardous Materials 168 (2-3): 1192-1199.

Jiang R, Huang SB, Chow AT, and Yang J (2009) Nitric oxide removal from flue gas with a biotrickling filter using Pseudomonas putida.  Journal of Hazardous Materials 164: 432-441. 

Yang SQ, and Chow AT (2008) Turbulence structures in non-uniform flows.  Advances in Water Resources31(10): 1344-1351. 

So LM, Chow AT, Wong KH, and Wong PK (2008) The Use of rhizospheric bacteria to enhance metal ions uptake by water hyacinth.  In, Plant-Bacteria Interactions: Strategies and Techniques to Promote Plant Growth. Ahmad, Oichtel, and Hayat Eds., Chapter 15, pp.283-303, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.  

Chan CM, Wong KH, Chung WK, Chow TS [= Chow AT], and Wong PK (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate adsorbed by chitin A.  Water Science & Technology 56(7): 125-134.

Chow AT*, Tanji KK, and Gao S (2004) Modeling drainwater selenium removal in wetlands.  Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE 130(1): 60-69, [2005 Best Research Paper - Environmental Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers]. 

Tanji KK, Gao S, Scardaci SC, and Chow AT (2003) Characterizing redox status of paddy soils with incorporated rice straw. Geoderma (114): 333-353. 

Gao S, Tanji KK, Scardaci SC, and Chow AT (2002) Comparison of redox indicators in a paddy soil during rice-growing season.  Soil Science Society of America Journal 66(3): 805-817.